Our Language, Our Song

Cardinal Virtue: Prudence

Descriptor:

Seeking, judging, acting – with confidence and love
The language of our story speaks of prudence or good sense. The cardinal virtue of Prudence (good sense) has been called “the watchful eye of love.” Prudence has three steps: seeking the proper, most loving thing to do; judging what is the best choice; and confidently acting. A prudent person asks, “What is the right, most loving thing to do?” She considers others’ advice, and looks to the Gospel and Church teaching to guide her conscience. She prays and thinks things through, then confidently acts in truth and love. In this way, practicing prudence unites us more closely both with God and neighbour. Prudence is visible in our Catholic schools when we reflect as Jesus’ disciples and act in His love.

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Scripture Quotes:

Praise for a Virtuous Life
And if anyone loves righteousness, her labours are virtues;
for she teaches self-control and prudence, justice and courage;
nothing in life is more profitable for mortals than these.
Wisdom 8: 7

The Parable of Weeds among the Wheat
He put before them another parable: ‘The kingdom of heaven may be compared to someone who sowed good seed in his field; but while everybody was asleep, an enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and then went away. So when the plants came up and bore grain, then the weeds appeared as well. And the slaves of the householder came and said to him, “Master, did you not sow good seed in your field? Where, then, did these weeds come from?” He answered, “An enemy has done this.” The slaves said to him, “Then do you want us to go and gather them?” But he replied, “No; for in gathering the weeds you would uproot the wheat along with them. Let both of them grow together until the harvest; and at harvest time I will tell the reapers, Collect the weeds first and bind them in bundles to be burned, but gather the wheat into my barn.” ’
Matthew 13: 24-30

The Question about Paying Taxes
Then the Pharisees went and plotted to entrap him in what he said. So they sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, ‘Teacher, we know that you are sincere, and teach the way of God in accordance with truth, and show deference to no one; for you do not regard people with partiality. Tell us, then, what you think. Is it lawful to pay taxes to the emperor, or not?’ But Jesus, aware of their malice, said, ‘Why are you putting me to the test, you hypocrites? Show me the coin used for the tax.’ And they brought him a denarius. Then he said to them, ‘Whose head is this, and whose title?’ They answered, ‘The emperor’s.’ Then he said to them, ‘Give therefore to the emperor the things that are the emperor’s, and to God the things that are God’s.’ When they heard this, they were amazed; and they left him and went away.
Matthew 22: 15-22

The Parable of the Dishonest Manager
Then Jesus said to the disciples, ‘There was a rich man who had a manager, and charges were brought to him that this man was squandering his property. So he summoned him and said to him, “What is this that I hear about you? Give me an account of your management, because you cannot be my manager any longer.” Then the manager said to himself, “What will I do, now that my master is taking the position away from me? I am not strong enough to dig, and I am ashamed to beg. I have decided what to do so that, when I am dismissed as manager, people may welcome me into their homes.” So, summoning his master’s debtors one by one, he asked the first, “How much do you owe my master?” He answered, “A hundred jugs of olive oil.” He said to him, “Take your bill, sit down quickly, and make it fifty.” Then he asked another, “And how much do you owe?” He replied, “A hundred containers of wheat.” He said to him, “Take your bill and make it eighty.” And his master commended the dishonest manager because he had acted shrewdly; for the children of this age are more shrewd in dealing with their own generation than are the children of light. And I tell you, make friends for yourselves by means of dishonest wealth so that when it is gone, they may welcome you into the eternal homes. ‘Whoever is faithful in a very little is faithful also in much; and whoever is dishonest in a very little is dishonest also in much. If then you have not been faithful with the dishonest wealth,who will entrust to you the true riches? And if you have not been faithful with what belongs to another, who will give you what is your own? No slave can serve two masters; for a slave will either hate the one and love the other, or be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and wealth.
Luke 16: 1-13

The Two Foundations
‘Why do you call me “Lord, Lord”, and do not do what I tell you? I will show you what someone is like who comes to me, hears my words, and acts on them. That one is like a man building a house, who dug deeply and laid the foundation on rock; when a flood arose, the river burst against that house but could not shake it, because it had been well built. But the one who hears and does not act is like a man who built a house on the ground without a foundation. When the river burst against it, immediately it fell, and great was the ruin of that house.’
Luke 6: 46-49

The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant
‘For this reason the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his slaves. When he began the reckoning, one who owed him ten thousand talents was brought to him; and, as he could not pay, his lord ordered him to be sold, together with his wife and children and all his possessions, and payment to be made. So the slave fell on his knees before him, saying, “Have patience with me, and I will pay you everything.” And out of pity for him, the lord of that slave released him and forgave him the debt. But that same slave, as he went out, came upon one of his fellow-slaves who owed him a hundred denarii; and seizing him by the throat, he said, “Pay what you owe.” Then his fellow-slave fell down and pleaded with him, “Have patience with me, and I will pay you.” But he refused; then he went and threw him into prison until he should pay the debt. When his fellow-slaves saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and reported to their lord all that had taken place. Then his lord summoned him and said to him, “You wicked slave! I forgave you all that debt because you pleaded with me. Should you not have had mercy on your fellow-slave, as I had mercy on you?” And in anger his lord handed him over to be tortured until he should pay his entire debt. So my heavenly Father will also do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother or sister from your heart.’ 
Matthew 18: 23-35

The Parable of the Good Samaritan
Just then a lawyer stood up to test Jesus. ‘Teacher,’ he said, ‘what must I do to inherit eternal life?’ He said to him, ‘What is written in the law? What do you read there?’ He answered, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbour as yourself.’ And he said to him, ‘You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.’

But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, ‘And who is my neighbour?’  Jesus replied, ‘A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead. Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan while travelling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. The next day he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said, “Take care of him; and when I come back, I will repay you whatever more you spend.” Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbour to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?’ He said, ‘The one who showed him mercy.’ Jesus said to him, ‘Go and do likewise.’
Luke 10: 25-37

The Parable of the Ten Bridesmaids
‘Then the kingdom of heaven will be like this. Ten bridesmaids* took their lamps and went to meet the bridegroom.* Five of them were foolish, and five were wise. When the foolish took their lamps, they took no oil with them; but the wise took flasks of oil with their lamps. As the bridegroom was delayed, all of them became drowsy and slept. But at midnight there was a shout, “Look! Here is the bridegroom! Come out to meet him.” Then all those bridesmaids got up and trimmed their lamps. The foolish said to the wise, “Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.” But the wise replied, “No! there will not be enough for you and for us; you had better go to the dealers and buy some for yourselves.” And while they went to buy it, the bridegroom came, and those who were ready went with him into the wedding banquet; and the door was shut. Later the other bridesmaids came also, saying, “Lord, lord, open to us.” But he replied, “Truly I tell you, I do not know you.” Keep awake therefore, for you know neither the day nor the hour.
Matthew 25: 1-13

The Parable of the Talents
‘For it is as if a man, going on a journey, summoned his slaves and entrusted his property to them; to one he gave five talents, to another two, to another one, to each according to his ability. Then he went away. The one who had received the five talents went off at once and traded with them, and made five more talents. In the same way, the one who had the two talents made two more talents. But the one who had received the one talent went off and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master’s money. After a long time the master of those slaves came and settled accounts with them. Then the one who had received the five talents came forward, bringing five more talents, saying, “Master, you handed over to me five talents; see, I have made five more talents.” His master said to him, “Well done, good and trustworthy slave; you have been trustworthy in a few things, I will put you in charge of many things; enter into the joy of your master.” And the one with the two talents also came forward, saying, “Master, you handed over to me two talents; see, I have made two more talents.” His master said to him, “Well done, good and trustworthy slave; you have been trustworthy in a few things, I will put you in charge of many things; enter into the joy of your master.” Then the one who had received the one talent also came forward, saying, “Master, I knew that you were a harsh man, reaping where you did not sow, and gathering where you did not scatter seed; so I was afraid, and I went and hid your talent in the ground. Here you have what is yours.” But his master replied, “You wicked and lazy slave! You knew, did you, that I reap where I did not sow, and gather where I did not scatter? Then you ought to have invested my money with the bankers, and on my return I would have received what was my own with interest. So take the talent from him, and give it to the one with the ten talents. For to all those who have, more will be given, and they will have an abundance; but from those who have nothing, even what they have will be taken away. As for this worthless slave, throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
Matthew 25: 14-30

The Faithful or the Unfaithful Slave
‘Who then is the faithful and wise slave, whom his master has put in charge of his household, to give the other slaves their allowance of food at the proper time? Blessed is that slave whom his master will find at work when he arrives. Truly I tell you, he will put that one in charge of all his possessions. But if that wicked slave says to himself, “My master is delayed”, and he begins to beat his fellow-slaves, and eats and drinks with drunkards, the master of that slave will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour that he does not know. He will cut him in pieces and put him with the hypocrites, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24: 45-51

Laws Concerning the Sabbatical Year Beloved, Let Us Love One Another
Beloved, let us love one another, because love comes from God; everyone who loves is born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God, for God is love. God's love was revealed to us in this way: God sent his only Son into the world so that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us so much, we also ought to love one another. No one has ever seen God; if we love one another, God lives in us, and his love is perfected in us.
1 John 4:7-10

Encourage One Another
Encourage one another and build up each other, as you are doing. Respect those who labour among you, and have charge of you in the Lord and admonish you; esteem them very highly in love because of their work. Be at peace among yourselves. And we urge you, beloved, to admonish the idlers, encourage the faint hearted, help the weak, be patient with all of them. See that none of you repays evil for evil, but always seek to do good to one another and to all. Rejoice always, pray without ceasing, give thanks in all circumstances; for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you.
1 Thessalonians 5:11-18

The Fast of Justice and Love
Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of injustice, to undo the thongs of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover them, and not to hide yourself from your own kin? Then your light shall break forth like the dawn, and your healing shall spring up quickly ...
Isaiah 58: 6-8a

Concerning Retaliation
"You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' But I say to you, do not resist an evildoer. But if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also; and if anyone wants to sue you and take your coat, give your cloak as well; and if anyone forces you to go one mile, go also the second mile. Give to everyone who begs from you, and do not refuse anyone who wants to borrow from you. "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbour and hate your enemy.' But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? And if you greet only your brothers and sisters, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
Matthew 5: 38-48

More scripture quotes on Prudence

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Connection to Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations:

The Cardinal Virtue of "Prudence” relates to the following Ontario Catholic School Graduate Expectations:

1. A Discerning Believer Formed in the Catholic Faith Community who
CGE1c actively reflects on God’s Word as communicated through the Hebrew and Christian scriptures;
CGE1d develops attitudes and values founded on Catholic social teaching and acts to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good;
CGE1e speaks the language of life... “recognizing that life is an unearned gift and that a person entrusted with life does not own it but that one is called to protect and cherish it.” (Witnesses to Faith)
CGE1f seeks intimacy with God and celebrates communion with God, others and creation through prayer and worship;
CGE1g understands that one’s purpose or call in life comes from God and strives to discern and live out this call throughout life’s journey;
CGE1i integrates faith with life;
   
2. An Effective Communicator who
CGE2a listens actively and critically to understand and learn in light of gospel values;
CGE2c presents information and ideas clearly and honestly and with sensitivity to others;
CGE2e uses and integrates the Catholic faith tradition, in the critical analysis of the arts, media, technology and information systems to enhance the quality of life.
   
3. A Reflective and Creative Thinker who
CGE3a recognizes there is more grace in our world than sin and that hope is essential in facing all challenges;
CGE3b creates, adapts, evaluates new ideas in light of the common good;
CGE3c thinks reflectively and creatively to evaluate situations and solve problems;
CGE3d makes decisions in light of gospel values with an informed moral conscience;
CGE3e adopts a holistic approach to life by integrating learning from various subject areas and experience;
CGE3f examines, evaluates and applies knowledge of interdependent systems (physical, political, ethical, socio-economic and ecological) for the development of a just and compassionate society.
   
4. A Self-Directed, Responsible, Life Long Learner who
CGE4a demonstrates a confident and positive sense of self and respect for the dignity and welfare of others;
CGE4b demonstrates flexibility and adaptability;
CGE4c takes initiative and demonstrates Christian leadership;
CGE4d responds to, manages and constructively influences change in a discerning manner;
CGE4e sets appropriate goals and priorities in school, work and personal life;
CGE4f applies effective communication, decision-making, problem-solving, time and resource management skills;
CGE4g examines and reflects on one’s personal values, abilities and aspirations influencing life’s choices and opportunities;
   
5. A Collaborative Contributor who
CGE5a works effectively as an interdependent team member;
CGE5b thinks critically about the meaning and purpose of work;
CGE5c develops one’s God-given potential and makes a meaningful contribution to society;
CGE5d finds meaning, dignity, fulfillment and vocation in work which contributes to the common good;
CGE5e respects the rights, responsibilities and contributions of self and others;
CGE5f exercises Christian leadership in the achievement of individual and group goals;
CGE5g achieves excellence, originality, and integrity in one’s own work and supports these qualities in the work of others;
CGE5h applies skills for employability, self-employment and entrepreneurship relative to Christian vocation
   
6. A Caring Family Member who
CGE6a relates to family members in a loving, compassionate and respectful manner;
CGE6b recognizes human intimacy and sexuality as God given gifts, to be used as the creator intended;
CGE6e ministers to the family, school, parish, and wider community through service.
   
7. A Responsible Citizen who
CGE7a acts morally and legally as a person formed in Catholic traditions;
CGE7b accepts accountability for one’s own actions;
CGE7c seeks and grants forgiveness;
CGE7d promotes the sacredness of life;
CGE7e witnesses Catholic social teaching by promoting equality, democracy, and solidarity for a just, peaceful and compassionate society;
CGE7f respects and affirms the diversity and interdependence of the world’s peoples and cultures;
CGE7g respects and understands the history, cultural heritage and pluralism of today’s contemporary society;
CGE7h exercises the rights and responsibilities of Canadian citizenship;
CGE7i respects the environment and uses resources wisely;
CGE7j contributes to the common good.

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Related Concepts:
  • CHOICE
  • CLARITY OF THOUGHT
  • COMMITMENT TO THE COMMON GOOD
  • COLLEGIALITY
  • COMMUNITY
  • COMPASSION
  • CONSIDERATE
  • CONSULTATION
  • DECISION MAKER
  • DELIBERATIVE
  • DIGNITY
  • DISCERNMENT
  • DIALOGUE
  • FAIRNESS
  • FREE WILL
  • HUMAN
  • INFORMED CONSCIENCE
  • JUDICIOUSNESS
  • PEACEMAKING
  • PERSONAL BALANCE
  • PLANNING
  • PRAYER
  • PREPARATION
  • RESPECT
  • RIGHT JUDGMENT
  • SACRED BALANCE OF CREATION
  • SEEKER
  • SELFLESSNESS
  • SENSITIVITY
  • SOLIDARITY

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Links to Online Resources:

The Catechism of the Catholic Church – The Virtues
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s1c1a7.htm
This is a direct link to the section of the CCC dealing with virtues, including prudence.

The Virtue of Prudence, article by Douglas McManaman
http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/education/ed0282.html
Posted on the Catholic Education Resource Center web site, this article, written by an Ontario Catholic educator, offers a thorough treatment of the meaning of this virtue and would be particularly valuable for teachers and senior students.

Prudence: Mother of All Virtues, Fr. William Saunders
http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0530.html
This accessible and brief article offers the reader a solid Catholic understanding of this virtue.

Pope John Paul II on Prudence
http://ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP2PRUDN.HTM
During the General Audience on Wednesday 25 October, 1978, Pope John Paul II linked his catechesis with that of his predecessor, Pope John Paul I, by dedicating his discourse to the fourth "Lamp of the Christian life" — the virtue of Prudence.

Catholic Encyclopedia
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12517b.htm
This brief but dense article offers a good overview of the virtue of prudence.

Prudence – from The Virtues: Seven Habits of Champions, Marcellino D’Ambrosio, Ph.D.
https://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_category/35/pics/library_article.338.doc/virtues2.pdf
This brief overview of the virtue offers a useful outline in an easy to read, point-by-point breakdown.

Prudence
http://catholicism.about.com/od/beliefsteachings/p/Prudence.htm
This brief article brings the question of a so-called just war into the discussion of prudence and offers links to extend the exploration of this connection.

Of The Virtues Which Are Connected With Prudence (Four Articles)
http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/aquinas/summa/sum307.htm
This is an excerpt from the Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas.

Virtue Ethics- A Basic Introductory Essay
, by Dr. Garrett
http://www.wku.edu/~jan.garrett/ethics/virtthry.htm
This is a useful introduction of the virtues, in general. The discussion includes consideration of a case study.

A Brief Summary of “Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship: A Call to Political Responsibility from the Catholic Bishops of the United States”
http://www.csnmail.net/~dsao/fcsummary.doc
A useful summary of a US bishops letter which includes a discussion of the virtue of prudence.

Prudence in Art
http://www.nlr.ru/eng/coll/treasures/13.php
This site offers an interesting reflection on a Renaissance print depicting prudence, allowing the viewer to magnify smaller sections of the print.

The Vatican
http://www.vatican.va/
The official web site of the Vatican contains an impressive collection of materials with a useful internal search engine.

The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
http://www.cccb.ca/Home.htm?NL=1
The official web site of the CCCB contains extensive documentation, including recent media releases and publications, with a wide variety of useful links to other Church and Catholic organizations' web sites.

Ontario Conference of Catholic Bishops
http://www.occb.on.ca/
The official web site of the OCCB contains extensive resources from the Catholic Bishops of Ontario as well as useful links to other Church and Catholic organizations' web sites. The Conference's jurisdiction over Ontario Catholic schools makes this site particularly relevant.

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